Accounting Policy Change

1. accounting policy means

2. accounting policy judgement

Principles, foundations and accounting methods constitute the organic whole of accounting policies. The accounting policy should be judged from the perspective of accounting elements, and the corresponding accounting policies should be determined according to the accounting recognition conditions, measurement attributes, assets, liabilities, owners' equity, income and expenses.

For example, in terms of assets, the method of obtaining inventory, issuing and ending pricing, the acquisition of long-term investments, the cost method and equity method in subsequent measurement, the confirmation and subsequent measurement mode of investment real estate, the confirmation conditions of fixed assets and intangible assets, the policy of reducing value and the classification of financial assets belong to the accounting policy of asset elements.

In terms of liabilities, borrowing costs are capitalized.

In respect of owners' equity, the confirmation of equity instruments and

In terms of income, the recognition and measurement methods of the revenue from the sale of goods and the confirmation conditions for providing labor, the construction contract, the lease contract, the insurance contract, and the loan contract belong to the accounting policy of income elements.

In terms of cost, the cost of goods sold and the division of labor cost and the division of period cost belong to the accounting policy of cost elements.

In addition to accounting related accounting policies, direct and indirect methods of compiling the statement of cash flow, the judgment of the scope of consolidated financial statements, and the determination of reporting segments in the subsection report are also accounting policies.

3. distinction between accounting policy change and accounting estimate change

Enterprises can use the following specific methods to divide accounting policy changes and accounting estimate changes: analyze and determine whether the matter involves accounting recognition, basic choice of measurement or change of list items. When it involves at least one of the above changes, the matter is accounting policy change; when it does not involve changes in the above division, the matter can be judged as accounting estimate change.

Enterprises should correctly divide accounting policy changes and accounting estimate changes, and carry out relevant accounting treatment according to different methods.

An enterprise should determine whether the change is the basis for the change of accounting policy or the change of accounting estimate.

First, it is based on whether accounting recognition changes.

The confirmation standard of 6 accounting elements, such as assets, liabilities, owners' equity, income, expenses and profits, is the first step in accounting treatment.

For example, the expenditure of intangible assets in the development stage according to the new guidelines should be recognized as intangible assets when capitalized, and the original criteria are recognized as current profits and losses. The accounting of the matter has been confirmed to have changed, that is, the cost of R & D is recognized as a cost in the early stage, and when the period is recognized as an asset, the change is an accounting policy change.

Second, we should take the change of measurement basis as the basis of judgement.

Historical accounting, replacement cost, net realizable value, present value and fair value are the 5 accounting measurement attributes.

For example, according to the new criterion, the paction financial assets are measured according to the fair value, and the investment real estate is measured by the fair value mode when the conditions meet the requirements.

Third, it is the basis for judging whether the listed items are changed.

Fourth, according to the accounting recognition, measurement basis and presentation items, the method used to obtain the amount or value related to the balance sheet items, such as estimated service life, net residual value, etc., is not accounting policy, but accounting estimation, and the corresponding change is accounting estimate change.